IS IT IBS (IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME) OR SIBO?
Content
1. Bacteria as part of the gut microbiome
2. Is the small intestine sterile?
3. Pregnancy-like bloated belly and brainfog due to dysbiosis
Estimates suggest that 11% of the global population suffers from SIBO (small intestinal bacterial overgrowth).
Despite the high number of affected individuals, this condition remains relatively unknown, and many people are still diagnosed with “irritable bowel syndrome” (IBS). While IBS is not considered a “serious” disease in terms of life expectancy, it has effects on the quality of life of patients. Nonetheless, there are only few treatment options available so far.
Patients frequently feel like they’ve lost control of their own bodies, unable to rely on them. Simple activities outside the home can become stressful, as they constantly need to know where the nearest restroom is. The good news is that in many cases, SIBO is the underlying cause—and it can often be treated effectively at its root.
1. Bacteria as part of the gut microbiome
With approximately 10^11 (100 billion) bacteria per milliliter, the colon is one of the most densely populated areas in the human body. Not only is the human colon designed to host these enormous numbers of microorganisms and handle the resulting gases and toxins, but these bacteria are actually very beneficial to humans. They ferment indigestible fibers into useful short-chain fatty acids like for example butyrate, which then serves as energy source for the colon cells, and they produce essential vitamins such as Vitamin A, Vitamin K, and B vitamins. Additionally, they act as ‘training partners’ for our immune system, helping it build resistance to commensal bacteria while staying vigilant and prepared to combat potential pathogens.
2. Is the small intestine sterile?
The small intestine, specifically in the duodenum and jejunum sections, contains only up to 10^3 (1,000) bacteria per milliliter. Its primary function is to break down and absorb nutrients from our food. During periods between meals, the small intestine relies on the “migrating motor complex” (MMC), a natural cleansing mechanism that moves food remnants and bacteria along. This process plays a crucial role in preventing bacterial overgrowth. However, disruptions in this mechanism are often the starting point for SIBO.
3. Pregnancy-like bloated belly and brainfog due to dysbiosis
In case of SIBO, the balance of bacteria in the small intestine is disrupted, allowing certain bacteria to multiply excessively. These bacteria are not inherently harmful or pathogenic. Most originate from the colon and are primarily gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes.
The bacteria in the small intestine face little competition and gain first access to nutrient-rich food. These conditions are perfect for rapid growth. However, the resulting increase in unwanted bacteria produces large amounts of gas and toxins, which the small intestine is not equipped to handle.
Because of the small intestine’s length, gases often build up, leading to visible bloating—making some individuals appear as though they’re four or five months pregnant.
In addition to bloating, individuals often suffer from diarrhea, constipation, abdominal cramps, flatulence, and belching. Beyond the usual gastrointestinal symptoms, many people report difficulty concentrating—a condition commonly referred to as “brain fog.”
Another, less common symptom is flu-like feelings or burning joint pain. The underlying reasons for this are explained in detail in the course.
